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注释:
[1] 余明伟,专利咨询顾问(专利代理人);本文于2001年3月定稿,2003年3月修订;联系电话:021-32170333*20;E-mail:ymw@iprtop.com,

[2] 基因芯片(Gene chip) ,也被称为以基因序列为分析对象的"微阵列或微矩阵(microarray)"或DNA芯片(DNA chip)。本文中的“矩阵”、“阵列”即指"微阵列"。

[3] 参见Biochip-Makers Do Battle in Court, SCIENCE,1998/01/16。

[4] 其中涉及的Hyseq专利:专利号为5,202,231与5,525,464。参见Hyseq Announces Markman Clarification in Litigation with Affymetrix, HYSEQ网页新闻,2000/8/1。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[5] Robert F. Service, Will Patent Fights Hold DNA Chips Hostage? SCIENCE,1998/10/16。

[6] 参见Affymetrix and Hyseq Settle All Patent Litigation,HYSEQ网页新闻,2001/10/25。

[7] 参见Biochip-Makers Do Battle in Court, SCIENCE,1998/01/16。

[8] 其中涉及的AFFY专利:专利号为5,445,934,5,744,305,5,795,716,5,800,992。参见Court Ruling Strengthens Affymetrix Patent Estate, AFFY网页新闻,2001/1/25。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[9] 其中涉及的Synteni专利:专利号为5,807,522。Eliot Marshall, Companies Battle Over Technology That's Free on the Web, SCIENCE,1999/10/15。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[10] 参见Biochip-Makers Do Battle in Court, SCIENCE,1998/01/16。

[11] Eliot Marshall, Companies Battle Over Technology That's Free on the Web, SCIENCE,1999/10/15。

[12] 其中涉及的Incyte专利:专利号为5,891,636与5,716,785。参见Incyte Files Patent Infringement Suit Against Affymetrix, Incyte网页新闻,2000/8/18。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[13] 参见Court Ruling Strengthens Affymetrix Patent Estate,AFFY网页新闻,2001/1/25。

[14] 参见Affymetrix Advances in Incyte Litigation,AFFY网页新闻,2001/10/15。

[15] 参见INCYTE GENOMICS RECEIVES FAVORABLE COURT RULING INVALIDATING AFFYMETRIX PATENT,Incyte网页新闻,2001/10/15。

[16] 其中涉及的AFFY专利:US5,445,934, 5,744305, 5,800,992, 5,871,928, 6,040,193。其中涉及的Incyte专利:专利号5,716,785, 5,891,636。参见Affymetrix and Incyte Genomics Settle All Patent Infringement Litigation,Incyte网页新闻,2001/12/21。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[17] Robert F. Service, Will Patent Fights Hold DNA Chips Hostage? SCIENCE,1998/10/16。

[18] 其中涉及的OGT 专利:专利号5,700,637;专利号5,770,367。参见Interim Verdict Announced in Oxford Gene Technology Litigation ,AFFY网页新闻,2000/11/10。以及参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[19] 参见Affymetrix to Appeal U.K. Court Ruling on Transfer of Patent License ,AFFY网页新闻,2000/4/7。

[20] 参见U.K. Court of Appeal Rules Affymetrix Owns OGT Patent License, AFFY网页新闻,2000/11/2。

[21] 参见Interim Verdict Announced in Oxford Gene Technology Litigation ,AFFY网页新闻,2000/11/10。

[22] 参见OGT AND AFFYMETRIX SETTLE LITIGATION ,OGT网页新闻,2001/3/23。

[23] AFFY专利:(1)US5,445,934:发明名称Array of oligonucleotides on a solid substrate;
(2)US5,744,305:发明名称Arrays of materials attached to a substrate;
(3)US5,795,716:发明名称Computer-aided visualization and analysis system for sequence evaluation;
(4)US5,800,992:发明名称Method of detecting nucleic acids。

INCYTE专利:(1) US5,891,636:发明名称processes for genetic manipulation using promoters;(2)US5716785:发明名称processes for genetic manipulations using promoters。

SYNTENI专利:US5,807,522:发明名称-Methods for fabricating microarrays of biological samples。

HYSEQ专利:(1)US5,202,231:发明名称Method of sequencing of genomes by hybridization of oligonucleotide probes;(1)US5525464:发明名称Method of sequencing by hybridization of oligonucleotide probes。

OGT专利:(1)US 5,770,367:发明名称Tag reagent and assay method;(2)US5,700,637:发明名称Apparatus and method for analyzing polynucleotide sequences and method of generating oligonucleotide arrays。

[24] 参见《专利法——中国专利教程》,文希凯主编,1996出版,第169页。

[25] AFFY公司5,445,934专利的独立权利要求1如下:A substrate with a surface comprising 10.sup.3 or more groups of oligonucleotides with different, known sequences covalently attached to the surface in discrete known regions, said 10.sup.3 or more groups of oligonucleotides occupying a total area of less than 1 cm.sup.2 on said substrate, said groups of oligonucleotides having different nucleotide sequences。参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[26] 程永顺、罗李华,《专利侵权判定——中美法条与案例比较研究》,1998,第43~47页。

[27] 参见Hyseq Announces Markman Clarification in Litigation with Affymetrix, HYSEQ网页新闻,2000/8/1。

[28] 参见Court Ruling Strengthens Affymetrix Patent Estate,AFFY网页新闻,2001/1/25。

[29] 程永顺、罗李华,《专利侵权判定——中美法条与案例比较研究》,1998,第237页。

[30] AFFY公司5,744,305专利的独立权利要求1如下:An array of oligonucleotides, the array comprising: a planar, non-porous solid support having at least a first surface; and a plurality of different oligonucleotides attached to the first surface of the solid support at a density exceeding 400 different oligonucleotides/cm.sup.2, wherein each of the different oligonucleotides is attached to the surface of the solid support in a different predefined region, has a different determinable sequence, and is at least 4 nucleotides in length.。参见美国专利商标电子数据库。

[31] 参见Interim Verdict Announced in Oxford Gene Technology Litigation ,AFFY网页新闻,2000/11/10。

[32] 此案中原告马科公司拥有一种用于暖气和空调系统的金属管和这种金属管的制作方法的专利。这种专利产品金属管的尾部弯成一个凸缘,并被螺丝和一个接头固定住。马科公司生产并且出售一种用于制造尾部有凸缘的金属管的机器和金属管凸缘相固定的接头。尾部有凸缘的金属管本身并不受专利保护,只有和接头被螺丝固定住以后,才构成专利产品。被告克纳斯有限公司从马科公司购买这种机器后向顾客出售接头,马科公司诉克纳斯有限公司间接侵权。一审法院认为,马科公司出售制造金属管的机器就等于给了顾客使用这个机器制造专利产品的许可,顾客的行为不构成直接侵权行为。没有直接侵权行为就不可能有引诱顾客直接侵权的间接侵权行为。所以专利侵权不成立。二审联邦巡回上述法院维持了一审判决,并且进一步指出,这种隐含的许可必须满足两个条件:第一是专利权人出售的产品除了实施专利技术以外没有别的用途,第二是专利权人出售产品的形式,可以推断出专利权人授予了顾客实施专利技术的许可。参见《美国专利案例季刊》第231卷第474页。

[33] 程永顺、罗李华,《专利侵权判定——中美法条与案例比较研究》,1998,第296页。

[34] Eliot Marshall, Companies Battle Over Technology That's Free on the Web, SCIENCE,1999/10/15。

[35] 即同一发明构思、内容相同或基本相同的专利。参见《专利文献——中国专利教程》,文希凯主编,1998出版,第18页。

[36] “万艾可”与英国专利无效,《中国知识产权报》,2002年9月11日,第3版面。

[37] Robert F. Service, Will Patent Fights Hold DNA Chips Hostage? SCIENCE,1998/10/16。 [38] 参见Affymetrix and Hyseq Settle All Patent Litigation,HYSEQ网页新闻,2001/10/25。


















































































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